Geneva, 11 May 2004. Officials of the US Department of Energy's Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab1), near Chicago, and CERN2 announced today the shipment of an advanced superconducting magnet from Fermilab to CERN. The first of a series of such magnets designed and built at Fermilab, the magnet is destined to play a key role in the operation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the new particle accelerator that is under construction at CERN and due to start operation in 2007.
Geneva, 11 May 2004. Officials of the US Department of Energy's Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab1), near Chicago, and CERN2 announced today the shipment of an advanced superconducting magnet from Fermilab to CERN. The first of a series of such magnets designed and built at Fermilab, the magnet is destined to play a key role in the operation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the new particle accelerator that is under construction at CERN and due to start operation in 2007.
"This first magnet from Fermilab is a tangible symbol of the important collaboration between our two leading accelerator laboratories," said CERN's Director General, Dr Robert Aymar. "The LHC is a major undertaking, which has been the focus of collaboration between CERN and the US and other countries around the world. Its success depends on making the most of the expertise and the advanced technologies that Fermilab and other collaborators can bring to the project."
The departure of the 13-m long magnet marks the culmination of a decade-long effort at Fermilab to design, develop, manufacture and test the next generation of focusing magnets for particle accelerators. In addition to nine US-built LHC magnets, Fermilab will also assemble and ship to CERN 18 similar but shorter magnets designed by KEK laboratory in Japan.
At a celebration in Fermilab to mark the shipment of the first of 27 similar cryoassemblies from Fermilab to CERN, Dr Raymond L Orbach, Director of the DOE's Office of Science, praised Fermilab staff members for their achievement. "I congratulate all of you at Fermilab for your dedication to excellence in design and engineering," Orbach said. "These quadrupole focusing magnets are a triumph of technology, and are critical to the success of the LHC. From fabrication to winding to assembly, the Fermilab team has shown its capacity to produce large-scale magnets within microscopic tolerances. We are indebted to you for your commitment to on-time, on-budget delivery, and to your dedication to excellence. You are truly keeping the United States at the forefront of superconducting magnet technology."
From Fermilab, the 19-ton magnet, encased in a bright-orange cylindrical steel cryostat, will travel by road to Portsmouth, Virginia, to be loaded onto a ship bound for Antwerp, where it is scheduled to arrive on 3 June. From Antwerp, it will travel by road to Geneva. Only one of the $1-million magnets is being shipped initially, to ensure that the shipping process does not affect the magnet's performance.
Accelerators, the principal instruments of high-energy physics research, depend on advances in magnet technology to achieve the ever-higher energies required for discoveries in the field. Superconducting magnet systems built at three US DOE national laboratories -- Fermilab, Brookhaven National Laboratory and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory -- represent a significant part of the $531 million total contribution that the US is making towards the LHC machine and detectors.
When the LHC begins operating in 2007, it will supplant Fermilab's Tevatron as the world's most powerful particle collider. Many US physicists will join with other scientists from around the world in experiments using giant particle detectors at the LHC's "interaction regions," where counter-rotating beams of protons will collide at unprecedented energy. The proton beams will be kept on their 27 km circular path by 1232 dipole and 400 quadrupole magnets built by CERN.
The Fermilab magnets, as well as similar magnets built at Japan's KEK laboratory, will focus the proton beams at the interaction regions in order to maximize the number of collisions that occur within the detectors. Along with the energy of the accelerator, the number of particle collisions per second determines the capability to produce discoveries. At nine Tesla, the superconducting magnets from Fermilab and KEK have the highest peak magnetic field of any focusing magnets ever built for a particle accelerator. The strength of the peak magnetic field is a critical factor in an accelerator's ability to create particle collisions at high energies.
"These magnets are pushing superconducting technology to the limit. They are the culmination of a long collaboration between scientists and engineers at CERN and Fermilab, and are key elements in getting the LHC to its design goal," said Lyn Evans, LHC Project Leader at CERN.
Physicist Akira Yamamoto, leader of the KEK magnet team, conveyed the Japanese team's recognition of the milestone. "Congratulations on the achievement that the first quadrupole magnet completed at Fermilab is being shipped to CERN," Yamamoto said. "As a partner of the LHC accelerator international collaboration project, we have been very pleased to collaborate with Fermilab and CERN in producing these extremely challenging superconducting magnets. We appreciate the excellent cooperative work with the team at Fermilab."
Fermilab physicist James Strait, manager for the US LHC magnet project, congratulated those who designed and built the magnets for a formidable technical achievement, while reminding them of the project's goal. "These magnets will help the field of particle physics achieve great science at the LHC," Strait said. "The science is the point of all that we do."
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Related Web sites:
CERN -- US LHC Accelerator Project -- Fermilab LHC Accelerator Project -- U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science -- Fermilab -- Brookhaven National Laboratory -- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory -- KEK Laboratory
High-resolution photographs are available at http://www.fnal.gov/pub/presspass/press_releases/lhcmagnet/
1. Fermilab is a US Department of Energy/Office of Science national laboratory, operated by Universities Research Association, Inc.
2. CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, has its headquarters in Geneva. At present, its Member States are Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. India, Israel, Japan, the Russian Federation, the United States of America, Turkey, the European Commission and UNESCO have observer status.