The mechanism of neutrino masses is still unknown and requires a modification of the Standard Model of particle physics. Neutrinoless double-beta decay (0vbb) experiments play a unique role as they can determine whether neutrinos are Majorana particles. A non-zero 0vbb signal would have profound implications by demonstrating the violation of lepton number and possibly pointing towards a solution of matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe through leptogenesis. The interpretation of the 0vbb experimental signal (or lack thereof) requires care as complicated hadronic and nuclear input is needed to connect 0vbb data to a fundamental description of lepton-number violation. I will discuss how effective field theory techniques can be used to significantly improve the theoretical predictions of neutrinoless double beta decay rates.